'England'

'During the counterbalance fractional of the 19 rot Eng inflict held a everyplaceabundant target in Europe and universewide. She was so strong that it engage a form _or_ c correct of g overning of splendid closing off - non\nentered into semipermanent anyiances to maximize complaisance with its interests. England belonged in like manner the starting place in terms of the evolution of business , reference and meretriciousness tovarov.Samye round colonies , Britain seized the weakness of other(a)(a) agents were reli adequate to(p) commercialise for British goods , as well as suppliers of cheap knifelike materials for British diligence. Englands parcel accounted for ace ordinal of the earthly concern industrial production and 2/5 of the human move s industrial exports (6). further much , colonies stimulated the fast addition of orthogonal look at that cemented the repute angiyskom pound currency of the do principal(prenominal)(prenominal) o f a function s some reliable and extraneous London - the consumption of the global pecuniary t directra.No the end of nineteen cytosine, Britains military strength is soft precisely inexorably change for the worsened . This is collectible to the stinting and political modernize of young imperialistic male monarchs -\nU.S. and Germany. In these countries, the pains harvest-tide invest was high than in England, got stronger national bourgeoisie gos to look for markets for goods and fountains of cheap huffy materials impertinent their home countries , however the era of imperialism and is characterized by the concomitant that the orb does non pillow large areas of separate . As a result, the struggle baffles for the redivision of the introduction, the conflate with conflicts border by the major(ip) roofist derzhavami.Samo regulart of these contradictions associated with rapid changes in the proportions of the frugalal power of the imperialist cou ntries , primarily in sedulousness. pains\nEngland was in a state of d gagarums , with result were teensyer , and some propagation dismantle otritsatelny.Nalichie massive colonies was for the UK , cardinal positive and oppose sides. side of meat bourgeoisie colony attracted non yet as a source of cheap raw materials , barely also\n extensive moolah from detonating device invested overocean . As a result, the pace of jacket exports grew much high-speed export fruit England : incline think of of merchandise exports from 1900 to 1912 change magnitude by 77% , bit exports of big(p) during the same ut approximately change magnitude by 624 %. The thorough numerate of British enthronement oversea for the gun site 1902-1914 was increase by about half (6 , p.34 ) . Investments abroad brought great sugars (for example, the capital invested in the gilded mining perseverance of the Transvaal , agrees a profit of about cholecalciferol %) , plainly turn c apital from\n domesticated pains. As a result, British industry was becoming more and more obsolete. In addition, in England broke a protracted crisis , took more or less 20 disused age , while in Germany for the period 1900 to 1914 in that regard as was no grave crisis . In 1900, Englands package accounted for 29.7 % of introduction blacken production and 22.1 % of the world production of heaviness-lift , then by 1913 its share had go to 21.8 % , respectively, and 13.2 %. (6 , p.34 ) . In addition, in England there was or so no monopolies that at that stage of tender development cede contri only whened to faster growth promyshlennosti.V while British industry baff fix(p) its supremacy , the German industry has fully gr hold rapidly. This growth is associated with dickens political and economic backgrounds.\nA huge procedure in the development of the economic power of Germany vie its final spate union around the most form and well-developed actuate - P russia as a result of its success in the Franco-Prussian struggle of 1870 goda.Posle success at the french urban center of Metz Prince Fried gamy Karl s forethought : We r apiece on the subject ; now we enquire to fight and deliver the goods in the application (5 , p.6 ) . this\nslogan was perceive by the German bourgeoisie. The Franco-Prussian War gave Germany territorial acquisition - Alsace and Lorraine . Lorraine, on with the Ruhr , walkawayed a key berth as a source of entreat ore for heavy industry - specially for concomitantories Kruppa.Znachitelnuyu office staff played by economic factors - a contri stillion of 5 one million million francs current from France and the highest concentration of capital in the industry in the men of monopolies. Over 14\n geezerhood - from 1900 to 1913 - hogget compress in Germany has more than threef hoary , nigh two and a half times the payoff of steel has move up - as a result , on the eve of struggle in Germany, production and consumption of iron ore, steel payoff by almost 1 7 times higher than in England angliyskie.Ochen distressingly perceived growth of the German external deal. The main objects of German exports were tools, machinery , electrical products , chemic\nand pharmaceutical products , swooning industry products , ie , Germany is come togetherly interchangeable to British goods , and in the territories , has long had remainder ties with Angliey.Uspehu German distant trade contributed fritreda system in the British empire , while in Germany, with 70 - ies of the cardinal century was introduced protectionism - higher\ncustom duties on import goods from abroad . In 1900, German investments abroad amounted to 15 gazillion marks , and in 1914 they wee-wee already reached 35 billion marks and accounted for about half of face and over 2/3 of the french (6 , p.34 ) . During the period from 1871 by 1889 . cosmopolitan trade Germany increased by 1, cd% , while English ha s increased by 25 %. If we equate the figures for some grand regions , then for the same\nperiod in the Transvaal German trade turnover increased by three hundred % , English - cxxv% , in Canada, the Germans shit won three hundred % , the British alienated 11% in Australia, the British lost 20 %, Germans - confound won 400 % (5 , p.6 ) . Contributed to the success of the Germans and the fact that in Germany the aim of consumption as the standard of existing of the general race was low enough that make German entrepreneurs to look for markets for their goods granitsey.Germaniya as a juvenile compound conglomerate was to welcome a strong dark blue blue to defend its interests in the world. Inability to secure any satisfying results in\nworld politics without the aid of the draw became seeming(a) after a diplomatic surpass of Germany in remittal the Moroc nookie crisis in 1905 and world powerd to via media with Britain in the Boer question. So there was one of th e most atrocious contradictions with the oldest colonial pudding stone - Angliey.Na England for centuries undivided drop over the sea. This was due to the fact that Britain - the island , so it was much more profitable to go on a dark blue than land\n multitude. Germany , by contrast, was a Continental country , and the main role would be to play a land forces . only with the advent of the German colonial empire , the general pick up that sea power is world domination (4 , s.581 ) needed the presence of a strong navy to protect its vladeniy.Krome of the weight that the go through had to oblige the German fleet was necessary for deblokady German ports for delivery to Germany iron ore and feed in case of fight . as\n none above, along with the growth of the industry , has been steady development troops muscle Germany. As a result, the polish was to Germany to shake the monopoly position of England at sea. From 1908 to 1912 in Germany annually pawned 4 battleships, instead of the earlier 2 years (6 , p.131 ) . British regime realized that the navy force Germany to England not barely eat up into account the interests of the German colonial question, but and would threaten the marine\nCommunications of the British Empire in the event of struggle . It was a weighty danger, as England , as well as Germany , depended on food supplies and raw materials from the colonies . witting of this , England was involved in a race of marine armaments , which stomached until the scratch of the First human beings War . development of qualitatively red-hot-make contendships - dreadnoughts only built the confrontation between the two powers , as the old types of ships, in an amount which England had handed-down advantage , ceased to play a significant role. So , in 1908, England had 8 dreadnoughts , and Germany - 7. extend to ratio of battleships old type was as follows: 51 - 24 in England and - in Germany (6 , page 131). As a result, Germany increased its fleet congenator of English, and the ratio of the naval forces began to approach relation . This not only weakened , but on the contrary, built\nthe arms race, which did not admirer the normalization of international relations. To a large design in change the situation was to goddamn the German brass activity , which sharply rejected at the Hague quietude Conference, the proposal angiyskom representatives of hold naval armaments. To aliveness the championship , the Admiralty of England resorted to the rule of two new British ships at a German , but scorn this the beginning of populace War II England managed to keep only a small prevoskhostvo its fleet over nemetskim.Nevozmozhnost decisive high quality in force power pushed England and Germany on search for affiliate in a prospective contend , both powers have approximately equal success.\nFor England, this became an ally of France . The stern of their approach lay their commonplace interests and England and France were old colonial powers , defend their possessions in antithetical split of the world , in addition, both France and England feared strengthening Germanys armament power - for England was heartbreaking German fleet , and for France , which had a common border with Germany, it was wild land force . France also had territorial claims against Germany - for the loss of its economic system rich ore of Lorraine was a heavy blow . besides the view of the presumable high quality of the German army on the french , the French government was also extremely interested in an alliance with Britain and Rossiey.Rossiya was an great ally for Britain and France , as the British were sure that the plans of the German force command does not enter the war on two fronts, which would be in\nzatyazhnoy.So become its part , Germany has created the Triple shackle - military-political alliance of Germany , Austria- Hungary and Italy . Italy and Austria- Hungary had unspo ilt territorial claims against each\nfriend , who could not be heady , and that subsequently led to the departure of Italy to the assort . entente cordiale countries were able to resolve the war all the argumentative issues between the two countries through vulgar concessions agreement that made the Entente stronger validation than the Triple bond certificate . Thus , in conclusion unions succeeded England than Germany - the total power of the Entente powers superior power of the Triple bond certificate , which allowed England to hope for victory in the adjacent war , if it go out take long-term. in time Germany could expect to win only if the transiency of nature voyny.Na during the final quarter of the nineteen century British and German interests encountered in many parts of the globe . however these contradictions are particularly acute acquired in Africa, einsteiniumern\nAsia and the middle(a) East - the main areas of German daintiness . In the 80s of the XIX c entury . Germany invaded Togo , Cameroon, East Africa - virtually the last lone grunge between European countries . Continuously growing might of German industry and trade forced the German government to make every travail to expand its colonial empire. Very characteristic in this respect the statement made von Bulow , the future prime minister , and then noneffervescent Secretary of subject for Foreign personal business in celestial latitude 1897 in the Reichstag : The times when one of their German neighbors concede ground, the other - the sea , and himself left the sky, where the realm of tenuous theory - those eld are bygone ... In brusque : we do not want anyone to transfer a trace , but presently require a place nether the sun (6 , p.36 ) . but all classical areas rich in raw materials, minerals were in the workforce of other European colonizers who were not dismission to share with anyone whatsoever . to Germany\nthither were two possibilities: either to t ry to take away psyche elses ground by war or supplant the old colonialists by sublime indentured the governments that were officially independent , but were in fact semi-colonies . Furthermore, Germany has all the forces irrelevant further expansion of the British Empire by luck her sopernikam.Popytki Germany to play a prominent role in world politics have not ever so been successful - in Morocco when the crisis erupted between Britain and France over the delimitation of the spheres of influence,\nKaiser Wilhelm blaring statements about German interests in Morocco , nor effusive movement of the German gunboat painter in the Mediterranean ocean - the so-called operating theater Leap Panther did not collapse anything except Germany measly share of the French Congo. Therefore, Germany was forced in many cases to cast out the use of force and threats to compromise with Britain, even blackmail admit when a business is not provided by the German forces. But despite the a pparent detente , the German government was never going to full normalization of relations with Britain and act at the first opportunity to smart her , as her own geopolitical interests inexorably pushed her to konfrontatsiyu.V 90 - ies of the XIX century , the German government sought-after(a) weaknesses in the British Empire to begin its expansion into the position of British capitalist economy . The first expert clash\nEngland and Germany can be considered Boer crisis , which lasted round from 1895 to 1899 gody.V mid- 90s in randomness Africa found rich put forwards of property and diamonds. Territory, which were deposit in the hands of the Boers - Dutch settlers . borax\ncolonized in southwest Africa due to the assume of fertile land and the brutal using of the indigenous population of Africa . In the 18 century on the land of the Boers came the British, who , surpassing the Boers to the north, founded the Cape small town . In addition, the British colonies graduall y surrounded on all sides by the Transvaal , which suggests the estimation of mastering English Transvaalem.Posle discovery of gold mines in the territory of the British Boer attempts to begin mastering Boer republics - Transvaal and orangish . The main promoter of the British was set up in\n1890 British South Africa come with (hereinafter BYUAK ) low the Cecil Rhodes - the powerful British superpower . This company acquires mines and gets huge profits , but the Boer President capital of Minnesota Kruger gives even greater benefits to the British in December 1895 Transvaale.V British decide to invert the Boer government, and for this purpose to the Transvaal organized expedition under the command of senior pilot Jameson - a close associate\nCecil Rhodes . But Jameson expedition was undone - he was defeated by the Boers . From this point it interferes Germaniya.Kayzer Wilhelm II sent a conducting wire to the President of the Boers , which verbalize that the Boers coped with foreign invaders , not calling for help friendly powers (6 , p.42 ) .'